Deontological Justification (DJ)
S is justified in believing that p if and only ifS believes that p while it is not the case that S is obligedto refrain from believing that p.[11]
Non-Deontological Justification (NDJ)
S is justified in believing that p if and only ifS believes that p on a basis that properly probabilifiesS's belief that p.
E1 | Whether one is justified in believing p dependson one's evidence regarding p. |
E2 | One's evidence consists of one's mental states. |
Mentalism
If two subjects, S and S*, are alike mentally, thenthe justificational status of their beliefs is alike as well: the samebeliefs are justified or unjustified for them to the same extent.[29]
Doxastic Basicality (DB)
S's justified belief that p is basic if and only ifS's belief that p is justified without owing itsjustification to any of S's other beliefs.
(B) It appears to me that that hat is blue.
(H) That hat is blue.
Epistemic Basicality (EB)
S's justified belief that p is basic if and only ifS's justification for believing that p does notdepend on any justification S possesses for believing afurther proposition, q.[35]
The J-Question
Why are perceptual experiences a source of justification?
Doxastic Coherentism
Every justified belief receives its justification from other beliefsin its epistemic neighborhood.
(H) That hat is blue.
Dependence Coherentism
Whenever one is justified in believing a propositionp1, one's justification for believingp1 depends on justification one has for believingsome further propositions, p1,p2, …pn.
A Priori Justification
S is justified a priori in believing that pif and only if S's justification for believing that pdoes not depend on any experience.
(1) | I don't know that I'm not a BIV. |
(2) | If I don't know that I'm not a BIV, then I don't know that I havehands. |
Therefore: | |
(3) | I don't know that I have hands. |
The Closure Principle
If I know that p, and I know that p entailsq, then I know that q.[54]
p: I have hands.
q: I'm not a BIV.
BIV Closure
If I know that I have hands, and I know that my having hands entailsmy not being a BIV, then I know that I'm not a BIV.
An Abominable Conjunction
I know that I have hands but I do not know that I am not a (handless)BIV.
(1) | I know that I have hands. |
(2) | If I don't know that I'm not a BIV, then I don't know that I havehands. |
Therefore: | |
(3) | I know that I am not a BIV. |
(Kif) | I knowif that I have hands. |
(Kf) | I knowf that I have hands. |
(a) | At least one BIV exists. |
(b) | The know-how needed for envatting people exists. |
(c) | The technology needed for envatting peopleexists. |
(d) | At least one spaceship exists that can be used fortraveling to another galaxy and coming back within a couple ofmonths. |
(e) | The know-how needed for building such a spaceshipexists. |
(f) | The technology needed for building such a spaceshipexists. |
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